Sexual Crimes in Conflict Database
A collection of relevant literature and case law
Showing 1 to 10 of 36 results.
-
Literature
Amicus Curiae Human Rights Center et al. - International Experts...
- Year
- 2015
- Issues
- Definitions/Elements of Sexual Violence Crimes
- Country
- Chad
- Keywords
- Forced Prostitution Sexual Slavery Inhuman Treatment Torture Rape, Outrages upon Personal Dignity Principle of Legality Criminalization
- Reference link
- https://www.law.berkeley.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/MICUS-CURIAE-BRIEF-OF-THE-HUMAN-RIGHTS-CENTER-AT-THE-UNIVERSITY-OF-CALIFORNIA-BERKELEY-SCHOOL-OF-LAW-AND-INTERNATIONAL-EXPERTS-ON-SEXUAL-VIOLENCE-UNDER-INTERNATIONAL-CRIMINAL-LAW-Eng.pdf
- Full reference
- Amicus Curiae Human Rights Center, University of California, Berkeley, School of Law, and International Experts on Sexual Violence under International Criminal Law, "Rape and other forms of sexual violence as crimes against humanity, war crimes, and torture under customary international law", A filing before the Extraordinary African Chambers seated at the Court of Appeals, Dakar, Senegal, 8 December 2015.
- Type of literature
- Grey Literature
- Research focus
- Gaps in the Jurisprudence and Legislation on Conflict-related Sexual Violence crimes
- Author
- Amicus Curiae Human Rights Center
- Type of mechanism
- International Criminal Tribunal/Court
- Name of mechanism
- International Criminal Court
-
Jurisprudence judicial mechanism
Batavia Military Tribunal - Case of 35 Dutch 'comfort women'
- Year
- 1948
- Issues
- Sexual Violence as a Weapon of War
- Country
- Indonesia
- Keywords
- World War II Semarang Comfort Women Incident Muntilan Comfort Women Incident Sexual Slavery
- Reference link
- http://www.awf.or.jp/pdf/0205.pdf
- Type of mechanism
- Military Tribunal
- Name of mechanism
- Batavia Military Tribunal
- Name of accused
- Army Major Okada (and 12 others)
- Charges
- Forcible seizure for rape and enforced prostitution.
- Trial chamber verdict
- The Judges convicted the Japanese officers on trial for ‘forced prostitution’ as a war crime. Prosecutors did not succeed in convicting anybody in relation to the Muntilan Comfort Women Incident, which ended in acquittal.
- sentencing
- Of the 13 individuals accused in relation to the Semarang Comfort Women Incident, the Batavia Military Tribunal on 14 February 1948, sentenced Army Major Okada to death. Eleven others were sentenced to prison terms ranging from two to twenty years.
-
Literature
Bunting, Annie and Ikhimiukor, Izevbuwa - The Expressive Nature of Law: What We Learn from Conjugal Slavery to Forced Marriage in International Criminal Law
- Year
- 2018
- Issues
- Definitions/Elements of Sexual Violence Crimes Achievements and Challenges of Sexual Violence Prosecution
- Country
- Sierra Leone
- Keywords
- International Criminal Court Forced Marriage Conjugal Slavery Expressivism Sexual Slavery
- Reference link
- http://brill.com/abstract/journals/icla/18/2/article-p331_331.xml
- Full reference
- Annie Bunting and Izevbuwa Ikhimiukor, “The Expressive Nature of Law: What We Learn from Conjugal Slavery to Forced Marriage in International Criminal Law”, in International Criminal Law Review, 2018, Vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 331-353.
- Type of literature
- Journal Article
- Research focus
- Gaps in the Jurisprudence and Legislation on Conflict-related Sexual Violence crimes, Obstacles to Establish Accountability for Sexual Violence Crimes
-
Jurisprudence judicial mechanism
Court of Bosnia-Herzegovina (War Crimes Chamber) - Gojko Jankovic
- Year
- 2007
- Issues
- Sexual Violence as a Weapon of War
- Country
- Bosnia Herzegovina
- Keywords
- Rape Sexual Slavery Sexual Violence Coercion
- Reference link
- http://www.internationalcrimesdatabase.org/Case/1027
- Type of mechanism
- Domestic court
- Name of mechanism
- Court of Bosnia-Herzegovina (War Crimes Chamber)
- Name of accused
- Gojko Jankovic
- Charges
- The Court of BiH confirmed the indictment against Jankovic on 20 February 2006 in which he was charged with crimes against humanity, including imprisonment, torture and rape (Articles 172(1) (e), (f) and (g) of the Criminal Code of BiH) under Article 180(1) of the Criminal Code of BiH (addressing individual and command responsibility criminal responsibility).
- Trial chamber verdict
- On 16 February 2007, the Trial Panel of the Court of BiH found Jankovic guilty of crimes against humanity, including rape. In pronouncing its verdict, the Trial Panel stated that in July 1992, Jankovic commanded a group of soldiers who attacked Muslim civilians hiding in the forest in the Kremnik hill. On several occasions between mid-June 1992 and January 1993, Jankovic raped female detainees and, together with Dragoljub Kunarac, he kept two of them in sexual slavery throughout this period.
- sentencing
- The Trial Judgment sentence of 34 years' imprisonment remained intact.
- Appeals chamber verdict
- On 23 October 2007, the Appellate Panel partially upheld the defense appeal, and modified the Trial Panel’s verdict in the legal qualification of the acts constituting crimes against humanity. It acquitted Jankovic of the charge that, on several occasions between 7 April and the end of May 1992, Jankovic and one more person raped or took part in the raping of protected witness E who lived in the municipality of Foca.
- Status
- 2715
- Case number
- X-KRZ-05/191
-
Jurisprudence judicial mechanism
Court of Bosnia-Herzegovina (War Crimes Chamber) - Predrag Kujundzic
- Year
- 2011
- Issues
- Sexual Violence against Children
- Country
- Bosnia Herzegovina
- Keywords
- Sexual Slavery Sexual Threats Rape, Physical and Mental Harm Sexual Violence, Persecution Sexual Abuse Rape/Sexual Violence in Detention Rape, Mistreatment
- Reference link
- http://www.internationalcrimesdatabase.org/Case/1042
- Type of mechanism
- Domestic court
- Name of mechanism
- Court of Bosnia-Herzegovina (War Crimes Chamber)
- Name of accused
- Predrag Kujundzic
- Charges
- Kujundzic was charged on 3 January 2008 (indictment confirmed) with persecution as a crime against humanity, including sexual violence (Article 172(1)(h) read with subparagraph (g) of the Criminal Code of BiH), under Article 180(1) and (2) (individual and command criminal responsibility) of the Criminal Code of BiH, during the period from spring 1992 until autumn 1993, directed against the non-Serb population of the Doboj municipality for coercing sexual slavery and rape of the non-Serb civilian population.
- Trial chamber verdict
- On 30 October 2009, the Trial Panel delivered the first-instance verdict by which Kujundzic was found guilty of persecution as a crime against humanity, including sexual violence under individual criminal responsibility. The Trial Panel held that on an unidentified day in June 1992, armed and accompanied by 4-5 members of his unit, Kujundzic came to the house of a certain woman and then raped her daughter who was underage at that time, and at the same time he incited one soldier to rape her mother. On the same day, at the same place, after he raped the minor female person, he told her that as of that day she would comply with all that he requested from her, or otherwise he would kill her mother and her younger sister. Thus during the period from June to December 1992, he forced her into sexual slavery, because by the use of force and threats he established the exclusive right to dispose of her, the control over her movement, the mental control and the control of her sexuality, by way of requesting her to do all that he ordered her. Using that position, he forced her once to read a statement at the Radio Doboj in which it was stated that Muslims were guilty of the war, that Muslims had killed her brother, and that she was inviting them to convert to Christianity. He ordered her to wear a chain with a cross pendant around her neck and to wear the Serb army camouflage uniform and a red beret on her head; he changed her Muslim name into a Serb name without any consent of hers or her parents, he acquired for her the identification documents in the Serb name, and requested her to always introduce herself by her Serb name. On 28 January 2011, the Court dispatched a second-instance verdict and found Kujundzic guilty of persecution as a crime against humanity, including sexual violence under individual criminal responsibility.
- sentencing
- Kujundzic was sentenced to 22 years’ imprisonment for the first instance verdict. He was also sentenced to 17 years’ imprisonment for the second instance charges (for some other charges, he was found not guilty and therefore the sentence was lowered).
- Status
- 2715
- Case number
- X-KRŽ-07/442
-
Literature
De Brouwer, Anne-Marie and Hon Chu, Sandra K. - The Men Who Killed Me...
- Year
- 2009
- Issues
- Achievements and Challenges of Sexual Violence Prosecution
- Country
- Rwanda
- Keywords
- Rape Sexual Slavery Survivor HIV Genocide
- Reference link
- http://www.douglas-mcintyre.com/book/the-men-who-killed-me
- Full reference
- De Brouwer, Anne-Marie and Sandra Ka Hon Chu, The Men Who Killed Me: Rwandan Survivors of Sexual Violence, Douglas & McIntyre, 2009.
- Type of literature
- Book
- Research focus
- Causality, Functionality and Logic of Conflict-related Sexual Violence
- Author
- De Brouwer, Anne-Marie and Hon Chu, Sandra K.
-
Literature
Doherty, Teresa - Jurisprudential Developments Relating to Sexual Violence...
- Year
- 2013
- Country
- Sierra Leone
- Keywords
- Sexual Slavery Forced Marriage Rape Crimes Against Humanity
- Reference link
- https://intersentia.com/en/sexual-violence-as-an-international-crime-interdisciplinary-approaches.html
- Full reference
- Doherty, Teresa, "Jurisprudential Developments Relating to Sexual Violence: The Legacy of the Special Court for Sierra Leone", in Anne-Marie de Brouwer et al. (eds.), Sexual Violence as an International Crime: Interdisciplinary Approaches, Intersentia, Cambridge/Antwerp/Portland, 2013, pp. 157-172.
- Type of literature
- Journal Article
- Research focus
- Gaps in the Jurisprudence and Legislation on Conflict-related Sexual Violence crimes
- Author
- Doherty, Teresa
- Type of mechanism
- Hybrid court
- Name of mechanism
- Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL)
-
Jurisprudence judicial mechanism
DRC Military Operational Court – Sheka Case
- Country
- Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)
- Keywords
- Mass Rape Sexual Slavery Sexual Violence against Girls Child Soldiers
- Reference link
- http://www.hrw.org/news/2018/11/29/dr-congo-mass-rape-trial-crucial-justice
- Type of mechanism
- Military Tribunal
- Name of accused
- Ntabo Ntaberi “Sheka”
- Charges
- Crimes against humanity, war crimes, terrorism
- Status
- 2778
-
Literature
Drinck, Barbara and Gross, Chung-Noh – Forced Prostitution in Wartime and Peacetime: Sexual Violence against Women and Girls
- Year
- 2007
- Issues
- Sexual Violence against Children Socio-cultural Context of Sexual Violence Victims of Sexual Violence
- Country
- Bosnia, Kosovo, Japan
- Keywords
- Sexual Enslavement Comfort Women Forced Prostitution Sexual Slavery
- Reference link
- http://www.academia.edu/22417309/Forced_Prostitution_in_National_Socialist_Concentration_Camps_The_Example_Auschwitz
- Full reference
- Barbara Drinck, Chung-Noh Gross (eds.), Forced Prostitution in Wartime and Peacetime: Sexual Violence against Women and Girls, Kleine Verlag, Bielefeld, 2007.
- Type of literature
- Book
- Research focus
- Inequality and Discrimination against Women during Armed Conflict, Women and the Armed Conflict
-
Literature
Gong-Gershowitz, Jennifer - Forced Marriage: A “New” Crime Against Humanity?
- Year
- 2009
- Issues
- Definitions/Elements of Sexual Violence Crimes
- Country
- Rwanda, Former Yugoslavia, Sierra Leone
- Keywords
- Sexual Slavery Forced Marriage Crimes Against Humanity
- Reference link
- https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1093&context=njihr
- Full reference
- Gong-Gershowitz, Jennifer, "Forced Marriage: A 'New' Crime Against Humanity?", in Nw. J. Int’l Hum. Rts., 2009, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 53-76.
- Type of literature
- Journal Article
- Research focus
- Gaps in the Jurisprudence and Legislation on Conflict-related Sexual Violence crimes
- Author
- Gong-Gershowitz, Jennifer
- Type of mechanism
- International Criminal Tribunal/Court, Truth Commission, Hybrid court
- Name of mechanism
- International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), International Criminal Tribunal for Former Yugoslavia (ICTY), The Sierra Leone Truth and Reconciliation Commission, Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL)
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